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Tanaman Jagung ~ Pertumbuhan tanaman jagung, iklim dan media tanam

Tanaman jagung merupakan tanaman yang berasal dari daerah tropis dan merupakan tanaman yang dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungan yang berada pada daerah tersebut. Tanaman jagung merupakan tanaman yang tidak menuntut persyaratan lingkungan yang terlalu ketat melainkan dapat tumbuh dengan berbagai macam tanah bahkan pada kondisi tanah yang agak kering dengan pertumbuhan optimal diperlukan beberapa persyaratan, antara lain :

Iklim

Untuk tanaman jagung iklim yang dikehendaki oleh sebagian besar tanaman jagung adalah pada daerah beriklim sedang hingga daerah yang beriklim sub-tropis / tropis yang basah. Tanaman jagung dapat tumbuh pada daerah yang terletak antara 0-50 derajat LU hingga 0-40 derajat LS.

Sedangkan untuk lahan yang tidak beririgasi untuk pertumbuhan tanaman jagung ini memerlukan curah hujan ideal sekitar 85-200 mm/ bulan yang harus merata. Pada fase pembungan serta pengisian biji tanaman jagung sangat perlu untuk mendapatkan air yang cukup dan sebaiknya jagung ditanami diawal musim hujan atau menjelang kemarau.

Tanaman jagung dalam pertumbuhanya sangat diperlukan sinar matahari. Tanaman jagung yang ternaungi pertumbuhanya akan terhambat / merana serta memberikan hasil biji yang kurang baik dan tidak dapat membentuk buah.

Tanaman jagung menghendaki suhu antara 21-34 derajat Celcious dan lain lagi dengan pertumbuhan tanaman yang ideal memerlukan suhu optimum antara 23-27 derajat celcious. Sedangkan pada proses perkecambahan benih jagung memerlukan suhu yang cocok sekitar 30 derajat celcious.

Pada saat panen jagung pada musim kemarau akan lebih baik dari pada musik hujan, karena berpengaruh terhadap waktu pemasakan biji dengan pengering hasil.

Media Tanam

Tanaman jagung memerlukan persyaratan tanah yang khusus agar supaya dapat tumbuh optimal seperti tanah harus gembur, subur serta kaya humus.

- Jenis tanah yang dapat ditanami jagung antara lain : 
   Berasal dari gunung berapi atau andosol
  • Latosol tanah dengan tekstur lempung / liat dan berdebu yang sangat baik untuk pertumbuhan.
  • Grumosol merupakan tanah yang bertekstur berat yang masih dapat ditanami jagung dengan hasil baik serta dengan pengolahan tanah secara baik. 
  • Tanah berpasir

- Keasaman tanah erat hubunganya dengan ketersediaan unsur hara tanaman. Sedangkan untuk              keasaman tanah yang baik bagi pertumbuhan tanaman jagung adalah pH antar 5,6 - 7,5.
- Tanaman jagung membutuhkan tanah dengan aerasi serta ketersediaan air dalam kondisi yang baik.
- Tanah yang memiliki kemiringan kurang dari 8 % juga dapat digunakan untuk penanaman jagung       karena kemungkinan untuk terjadinya erosi tanah sangat kecil dan sedangkan untuk daerah dengan     tingkat kemiringan lebih 8 % perlu dibentuk teras dahulu.

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